Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to systems that operate based on human-defined objectives, capable of generating predictions, suggestions, or judgments that impact both real and virtual environments. These systems function with varying degrees of autonomy (OECD, 2020, as quoted in UNESCO et al., 2022). In today’s world, AI has been integrated into the economy, with businesses recognizing its significance. However, this implementation poses challenges for individuals, particularly women, in participating fully in the digital economy. This article investigates the adverse effects of AI on women’s roles within this context.

Feminism challenges traditional international relations theories, highlighting the need to include marginalized groups, especially women, in understanding global dynamics. This perspective reveals that the development of AI is predominantly male-driven, often overlooking women’s experiences. For instance, John McCarthy, a male scientist, pioneered AI, and currently, women represent only about 22% of the AI workforce globally (Hilale, 2021). This underrepresentation exacerbates the neglect of women’s needs in AI development.

The digital economy, defined as an economy based on digital computing technologies, aims to provide economic benefits to women. It offers platforms for women entrepreneurs to establish and grow their businesses through e-commerce sites like Shopee and Lazada. According to the International Finance Corporation (IFC), women entrepreneurs in e-commerce can increase their sales by 51% compared to those who do not engage in it (ERIA, 2021). However, the rise of AI in the digital economy also threatens to diminish these opportunities.

AI’s integration into the digital economy has shifted many roles traditionally held by women. Initially, AI supported technology and engineering processes, but now it is increasingly involved in customer interactions, replacing human roles with AI chatbots and virtual assistants. For example, platforms like TokoPedia and Lazada use AI-driven systems for customer service, which can limit job opportunities for women (Alt, 2021).

AI systems often embody feminine characteristics, perpetuating harmful stereotypes. For instance, Lazada’s LISA ChatBot and AI hosts on platforms like Taobao are designed to resemble women, reinforcing gender biases and reducing women to mere entertainment objects. This trend risks further marginalizing women in the technology sector and diminishing their representation in professional environments.

To combat these issues, it is essential to include women in AI development. Increasing women’s participation can bring diverse perspectives and experiences, leading to more equitable technological advancements. Rejecting patriarchal notions of male dominance in STEM fields is crucial for creating inclusive environments in education and the workplace. Notably, Ada Lovelace, the world’s first coder, exemplifies women’s capabilities in technology.

Women continue to face disadvantages due to AI’s influence on the digital economy, as their roles are increasingly diminished. The solution lies in dismantling the patriarchal culture surrounding technological development, ensuring that advancements benefit all, including women. By fostering inclusivity, we can harness the potential of AI for the betterment of society.